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Kamis, 06 Januari 2011

Grammar 01

ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTION

Elliptical atau Elipsis adalah penghilangan kata atau sejumlah kata dari suatu kalimat yang bertujuan agar kalimat menjadi lebih pendek dan lebih baik susunannya. Susunan Elipsis sering digunakan banyak orang baik dalam percakapan maupun dalam bentuk tulisan. Semua ini ditujukan untuk menyingkat kalimat dan memperindah susunan kalimat namun tidak merubah makna dan arti sama sekali. Bayangkan kalau kita membaca sebuah buku dan buku itu berisi kalimat-kalimat yang tidak perlu. Tentu kita akan bosan membacanya. Oleh karena itu, maka Susunan Elipsis ini penting untuk dipelajari.

1. POSITIVE ELLIPTIC


Apabila dalam sebuah kalimat positif kita mendapati predikat yang sama, maka kita sebaiknya menggunakan kata "too" atau "so" yang artinya "juga":

Perhatikan cara menggabungkan beberapa kalimat di bawah ini agar menjadi lebih singkat dan tersusun rapi, namun tidak merubah arti sama sekali.
  1. He is busy. I am busy
    (= He is busy and I am too)
    (= He is busy and so am I)
  2. Mary is beautiful. You are beautiful
    (= Mary is beautiful and you are too)
    (= Mary is beautiful and so are you)
  3. My brother can swim well. You can swim well
    (= My brother can swim well and you can too)
    (= My brother can swim well and so can you)
  4. Alex buys a new car. Henry buys a news car.
    (= Alex buys a new car and Henry does too)
    (= Alex buys a new car and so does Henry)
  5. Jack went to Bali yesterday. William went to Bali yesterday.
    (= Jack went to Bali yesterday and William did too)
    (= Jack went to Bali yesterday and so did William)
2. NEGATIVE ELLIPTIC

Apabila dalam sebuah kalimat negatif kita mendapati predikat yang sama, maka kita sebaiknya menggunakan kata "either" atau "neither" yang artinya "juga tidak":
  1. Ed doesn't like mango. George doesn't like mango.
    (= Ed doesn't like mango and George doesn't either)
    (= Ed doesn't like mango and neither does George )
  2. My father won't come there. I won't come there.
    (= My father won't come there and I won't either)
    (= My father won't come there and neither will I)
  3. She never comes here. He never comes here.
    (= She never comes here and he doesn't either)
    (= She never comes here and neither does he)
CATATAN

Ada beberapa adverbs of frequency yang dianggap negatif seperti:
  1. never
  2. seldom
  3. rarely
  4. few
  5. hardly
  6. barely
  7. scarely
  8. litlle
  9. dll
3. CONTRARY ELLIPTIC

Untuk susunan yang berlawanan, kita dapat menggunakan kata "but" yang artinya "tetapi":
  1. Stephanie is clever. Her sister isn't clever
    (= Stephanie is clever but her sister isn't)
  2. She does not have a pen. I have a pen.
    (= She does not have a pen but I do)
BEBERAPA TEMPAT TERJADINYA SUSUNAN ELIPSIS

1. Menghilangkan Subjek dan atau Auxiliary/Modal
  1. Mr. Hunt ate a piece of bread for breakfast and (he) drank a cup of coffee. (= kata "he" sebaiknya dihilangkan karena tidak perlu pengulangan subjek)
  2. My servant has swept the floor, (my servant has) washed the dishes, and (my servant has) cooked our lunch. (= "my servant has" selalu berulang-ulang. Oleh karena itu, sebaiknya dihilangkan)
  3. To save the time, you should clean the house and Mary (should) cook the meal.
2. Menghilangkan Predikat
  1. I work at school and my wife (works) at a bank.
  2. Jack will visit the church, while Ahmad (will visit) the mosque.
3. Menghilangkan Objek Langsung
  1. Why do you open (the door) and (you) close the door?

EXERCISE ON ENGLISH ELLIPTICAL CONSTRUCTION
A.Combine these sentences by using ‘so’ or ‘neither’!
1.Ali has a pair of shoes. Rina has a pair of shoes.
2.The soldiers shoot the bird every morning. The policemen shoot the bird
every morning.
3.I am never absent here. He is never absent here.
4. They read the newspaper this morning. She read the newspaper this
morning.
5.We rarely speak English in class. They rarely speak English in class.
6.The cat didn’t eat the mouse. The dog didn’t eat the mouse.
7. Superman doesn’t help the old woman. Batman doesn’t help the old
woman.
8.You must go home. We must go home.
9.Last year, Rindi seldom visited me. Last year, Rano seldom visited me.
10.I have told you why she cried. He has told you why she cried.
B. Combine these sentences by using ‘too’ or ‘either’!
1.Bakabon is always happy. I am always happy.
2.The old man hardly walks on the street. The old women hardly walk on
the street.
3.The tiger will run after you. The lion will run after you.
4.I don’t like him. The monkey doesn’t like him.
5.He often says that he hates me. They often say that he hates me.
6.Bon Jovi won’t sing in my birthday party. Ariel won’t sing in my birthday
party.
7.They are looking at the view. She is looking at the view.
8. I put many books in my cupboard. My sister put many books in her
cupboard.
9.I knew where they live. We knew where they live.
10.I’ll never believe that you are bad. They’ll never believe that you are bad.
C. Fill in the blanks by using so, too, either andneither.
1.The cat likes staying in my house and………….. the mice.
2.We aren’t listening to the music. The children…………
3.My brother should study hard. I……………
4.Swimming needs a good stamina.……………. running.

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